Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Fern

General

A widespread and aggressive fern species found in diverse habitats globally. It features large, triangular fronds that can reach up to several feet in height, creating dense stands that dominate forest floors and open areas alike. Thrives in forests, disturbed areas with moist, well-drained soil.

Plant Description

Displays large, triangular fronds that can reach heights of several feet, each composed of finely divided leaflets. The fronds emerge from a densely hairy, underground rhizome system that spreads horizontally, enabling the fern to form extensive colonies. The leaflets are a vibrant green color, giving the fern a lush appearance, and they are arranged in a feathery pattern that captures sunlight efficiently in shady forest environments.

Height (ft)
2-4'

Soil moisture
Moderate, well-drained

Soil types
Sandy loam, any soil with high organic content

Wetland indicator
FACU

Shade tolerance
Partial to Full Shade

Bloom color
Brown spores underneath fronds

Bloom period
Late summer to early fall when spores are released

Drought tolerance
Moderate

Salinity tolerance
Intolerant

 

Range

Abundant in the eastern and central parts of the country, including the Appalachian Mountains, the Great Lakes region, and parts of the Midwest. Bracken fern is also present along the West Coast, from California to Washington, and can be found in various other states throughout the country where suitable habitat conditions exist.

Kartesz, J.T. 2024. Floristic Synthesis of North America, Version 1.0. Biota of North America Program (BONAP) [website http://bonap.org/]

Additional Information

According to BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database, many tribes have eaten the young fiddleheads when boiled. The roots are used in tonics as an antiseptic. Decoction of roots used on hair for hair growth. Decoction made to treat rheumatism.